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  • Kulak - Wikipedia
    Kulaks referred to former peasants in the Russian Empire who became landowners and credit-loaners after the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and during the Stolypin reform of 1906 to 1914, which aimed to reduce radicalism amongst the peasantry and produce profit-minded, politically conservative farmers
  • Kulak | Tsarist Russia, Peasant Uprisings, Land Reforms | Britannica
    kulak, (Russian: “fist”), in Russian and Soviet history, a wealthy or prosperous peasant, generally characterized as one who owned a relatively large farm and several head of cattle and horses and who was financially capable of employing hired labour and leasing land
  • The Liquidation of the Kulaks, 1930-1932
    At the November 1929 meeting of its Central Committee, the Communist Party decided to press ahead with the forced collectivisation of agriculture A key tactic was to disarm and eliminate the successful, wealthy peasant stratum loosely described as “kulaks”
  • Liquidate the Kulaks: A Simple Look at a Dark Soviet Past - CGAA
    The Soviet Union's brutal treatment of the kulaks, a class of wealthy peasants, is a dark chapter in history The kulaks were a significant portion of the Soviet population The Soviet government, led by Joseph Stalin, saw the kulaks as a threat to their power and decided to take drastic action
  • Kulaks - Encyclopedia. com
    Kulak, in Russian, means a "fist " When used for rich peasants, it alludes to their alleged fist-like hold on their poorer brethren Vladimir Lenin saw the kulak as a "village bourgeoisie" that would be crushed by a socialist revolution
  • Kulak - Encyclopedia of Ukraine
    Although Soviet policies had deprived them of their economic status, the ‘kulaks’ continued to be regarded as class enemies by the authorities and were not allowed to vote in elections to the rural soviets, to hold governing positions in co-operatives, or to receive bank loans or tax reductions
  • Liquidation of the Kulaks as a Class
    Peasants who resisted the pressure of regional party officials to enroll in collective farms were labeled as kulaks; those who feared confiscation sold off their property as quickly as they could, in effect self-dekulakizing
  • Kulak: Understanding the Role of Kulaks in Soviet Society
    Kulaks were not a single homogeneous group They ranged from small-scale farmers with a few cows and hired workers to large landowners who controlled hundreds of acres Some were innovative, adopting new farming techniques, while others were exploitative, charging high rents or wages
  • Kulak - ProleWiki
    Kulaks, kulaki, or the kulachestvo were wealthy landowners in the Russian Empire and early Soviet Union They exploited the rural proletariat and poor peasants,
  • Kulak – Russias Periphery
    Kulaks who were deported ended up in the northernmost parts of Russia – at least that was their intended destination In practice, many of them did not make it all the way there but were instead left to die of starvation near train stations and in transit prisons





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