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falstaff 音标拼音: [f'ɔlst ,æf] n. 莎士比亚剧中一吹牛骑士 莎士比亚剧中一吹牛骑士 Falstaff n 1: a dissolute character in Shakespeare' s plays [ synonym: { Falstaff}, { Sir John Falstaff}] Falstaff \ Falstaff\ prop. n. Sir John Falstaff, a celebrated character in Shakespeare' s historical play " Henry IV." ( 1st and 2d parts), and also in " The Merry Wives of Windsor." He is a very fat, sensual, and witty old knight; a swindler, drunkard, and good- tempered liar; and something of a coward. Falstaff was originally called { Sir John Oldcastle}. The first actor of the part was John Heminge. [ Century Dict. 1906] Note: Shakespeare found the name of John Oldcastle in the ... older play of " Henry V."; in the Chronicle he found a John Oldcastle, who was page to the Duke of Norfolk who plays a part in " Richard II."; and this, according to Shakespeare, his Falstaff ( Oldcastle) had been in his youth. When the poet wrote his " Henry IV." he knew not who this Oldcastle was, whom he had rendered so distinct with the designation as Norfolk' s page; he was a Lord Cobham [ Sir John Oldcastle, known as the good lord Cobham], who had perished as a Lollard and Wickliffite in the persecution of the church under Henry V. The Protestants regarded him as a holy martyr, the Catholics as a heretic; the latter seized with eagerness this description of the fat poltroon, and gave it out as a portrait of Lord Cobham, who was indeed physically and mentally his contrast. The family complained of this misuse of a name dear to them, and Shakespeare declared in the epilogue to " Henry IV." that Cobham was in his sight also a martyr, and that " this was not the man." At the same time, he changed the name to Falstaff, but this was of little use; in spite of the express retraction, subsequent Catholic writers on church history still declared Falstaff to be a portrait of the heretic Cobham. But it is a strange circumstance that even now under the name of Falstaff another historical character is again sought for, just as if it were impossible for such a vigorous form not to be a being of reality. It was referred to John Fastolfe, whose cowardice is more stigmatised in " Henry VI." than history justifies; and this too met with public blame, although Shakespeare could have again asserted that he intended Fastolfe as little as Cobham. -- Gervinus, Shakespeare Commentaries ( tr. by K. E. Bunnett, [ ed. 1880), p. 800. [ Century Dict. 1906]
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