chronology 音标拼音: [krən'ɑlədʒi]
n . 年代学;年代记
年代学;年代记
chronology n 1 :
an arrangement of events in time 2 :
a record of events in the order of their occurrence 3 :
the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events Chronology \
Chro *
nol "
o *
gy \,
n .;
pl . {
Chronologies }. [
Gr . ?; ?
time ?
discourse :
cf .
F .
chronologie .]
The science which treats of measuring time by regular divisions or periods ,
and which assigns to events or transactions their proper dates .
[
1913 Webster ]
If history without chronology is dark and confused ,
chronology without history is dry and insipid . --
A .
Holmes .
[
1913 Webster ]
75 Moby Thesaurus words for "
chronology ":
Clio ,
Muse of history ,
account ,
adventures ,
almanac ,
annals ,
autobiography ,
biographical sketch ,
biography ,
calendar ,
case history ,
check sheet ,
chronicle ,
chronicles ,
clock card ,
confessions ,
continuity ,
curriculum vitae ,
date slip ,
datebook ,
daybook ,
diary ,
duration ,
duree ,
experiences ,
fortunes ,
hagiography ,
hagiology ,
historiography ,
history ,
journal ,
lastingness ,
legend ,
life ,
life and letters ,
life story ,
log ,
martyrology ,
memoir ,
memoirs ,
memorabilia ,
memorial ,
memorials ,
necrology ,
obituary ,
period ,
photobiography ,
profile ,
psychological time ,
record ,
register ,
registry ,
resume ,
sequence ,
space ,
space -
time ,
story ,
tense ,
term ,
the future ,
the past ,
the present ,
theory of history ,
tide ,
time ,
time book ,
time chart ,
time scale ,
time schedule ,
time sheet ,
time study ,
timebinding ,
timecard ,
timetable ,
while Chronology is the arrangement of facts and events in the order of time .
The writers of the Bible themselves do not adopt any standard era according to which they date events .
Sometimes the years are reckoned ,
e .
g .,
from the time of the Exodus (
Num .
1 :
1 ;
33 :
38 ;
1 Kings 6 :
1 ),
and sometimes from the accession of kings (
1 Kings 15 :
1 ,
9 ,
25 ,
33 ,
etc .),
and sometimes again from the return from Exile (
Ezra 3 :
8 ).
Hence in constructing a system of Biblecal chronology ,
the plan has been adopted of reckoning the years from the ages of the patriarchs before the birth of their first -
born sons for the period from the Creation to Abraham .
After this period other data are to be taken into account in determining the relative sequence of events .
As to the patriarchal period ,
there are three principal systems of chronology : (
1 )
that of the Hebrew text , (
2 )
that of the Septuagint version ,
and (
3 )
that of the Samaritan Pentateuch ,
as seen in the scheme on the opposite page .
The Samaritan and the Septuagint have considerably modified the Hebrew chronology .
This modification some regard as having been wilfully made ,
and to be rejected .
The same system of variations is observed in the chronology of the period between the Flood and Abraham .
Thus :
|
Hebrew Septuigant Samaritan |
From the birth of |
Arphaxad ,
2 years |
after the Flood ,
to |
the birth of Terah .
220 1000 870 |
From the birth of |
Terah to the birth |
of Abraham .
130 70 72 The Septuagint fixes on seventy years as the age of Terah at the birth of Abraham ,
from Gen .
11 :
26 ;
but a comparison of Gen .
11 :
32 and Acts 7 :
4 with Gen .
12 :
4 shows that when Terah died ,
at the age of two hundred and five years ,
Abraham was seventy -
five years ,
and hence Terah must have been one hundred and thirty years when Abraham was born .
Thus ,
including the two years from the Flood to the birth of Arphaxad ,
the period from the Flood to the birth of Abraham was three hundred and fifty -
two years .
The next period is from the birth of Abraham to the Exodus .
This ,
according to the Hebrew ,
extends to five hundred and five years .
The difficulty here is as to the four hundred and thirty years mentioned Ex .
12 :
40 ,
41 ;
Gal .
3 :
17 .
These years are regarded by some as dating from the covenant with Abraham (
Gen .
15 ),
which was entered into soon after his sojourn in Egypt ;
others ,
with more probability ,
reckon these years from Jacob '
s going down into Egypt . (
See {
EXODUS }.)
In modern times the systems of Biblical chronology that have been adopted are chiefly those of Ussher and Hales .
The former follows the Hebrew ,
and the latter the Septuagint mainly .
Archbishop Ussher '
s (
died 1656 )
system is called the short chronology .
It is that given on the margin of the Authorized Version ,
but is really of no authority ,
and is quite uncertain .
|
Ussher Hales |
B .
C .
B .
C .
|
Creation 4004 5411 |
Flood 2348 3155 |
Abram leaves Haran 1921 2078 |
Exodus 1491 1648 |
Destruction of the |
Temple 588 586 To show at a glance the different ideas of the date of the creation ,
it may be interesting to note the following :
From Creation to 1894 .
According to Ussher ,
5 ,
898 ;
Hales ,
7 ,
305 ;
Zunz (
Hebrew reckoning ),
5 ,
882 ;
Septuagint (
Perowne ),
7 ,
305 ;
Rabbinical ,
5 ,
654 ;
Panodorus ,
7 ,
387 ;
Anianus ,
7 ,
395 ;
Constantinopolitan ,
7 ,
403 ;
Eusebius ,
7 ,
093 ;
Scaliger ,
5 ,
844 ;
Dionysius (
from whom we take our Christian era ),
7 ,
388 ;
Maximus ,
7 ,
395 ;
Syncellus and Theophanes ,
7 ,
395 ;
Julius Africanus ,
7 ,
395 ;
Jackson ,
7 ,
320 .
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